INDUSTRY
Lab consolidation, supply chain bottlenecks, hardware allocations
11 cards on 5 tables, each drawn live from the table. Tables built 1 November 2026.
What is sold
AI compute sold, by chip designer
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Sales. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Source and method
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Sales. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Whose figures: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Chip Sales; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs.
Unit: chips (units) and H100-equivalents sold in the quarter (Epoch's estimates)
OPEN ARTICLEThe rows
Read from the same data file as the chart when this is opened.
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Sales. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Chips sold each quarter, by chip type
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Sales. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Source and method
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Sales. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Whose figures: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Chip Sales; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs.
Unit: chips (units) and H100-equivalents sold in the quarter (Epoch's estimates)
The rows
Read from the same data file as the chart when this is opened.
Who holds the chips
Chips held, cumulative, by quarter
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Owners. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Source and method
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Owners. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Whose figures: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Chip Owners; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs.
Unit: H100-equivalents, cumulative stock (median estimate)
The rows
Read from the same data file as the chart when this is opened.
The board: chips held by owner
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Owners. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Source and method
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Owners. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Whose figures: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Chip Owners; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs.
Unit: H100-equivalents, cumulative stock (median estimate)
The rows
Read from the same data file as the chart when this is opened.
Nvidia chips held at the end of 2025, by owner
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Owners. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Source and method
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Owners. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Whose figures: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Chip Owners; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs.
Unit: H100-equivalents, cumulative stock (median estimate)
OPEN ARTICLEThe rows
Read from the same data file as the chart when this is opened.
Two rows for China: the official estimate and the smuggled estimate
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Owners. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Source and method
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Owners. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Whose figures: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Chip Owners; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs.
Unit: H100-equivalents, cumulative stock (median estimate)
OPEN ARTICLEThe rows
Read from the same data file as the chart when this is opened.
What it takes to make them
Chip components by designer, by quarter
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Components. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Source and method
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Components. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Whose figures: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Chip Components; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs.
Unit: wafers, USD and per cent, as the file gives them (median estimates)
The rows
Read from the same data file as the chart when this is opened.
Hardware released each year, by maker
Source: Epoch AI, ML Hardware. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Source and method
Source: Epoch AI, ML Hardware. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Whose figures: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), ML Hardware; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs.
Unit: hardware items (a count); price in USD, power in W, memory in bytes
The rows
Read from the same data file as the chart when this is opened.
What the labs report about themselves
Annualized revenue, by company
Source: Epoch AI, AI Companies. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Source and method
Source: Epoch AI, AI Companies. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Whose figures: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Companies; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs.
Unit: the row's own unit, named in the unit column (USD, staff, users, tokens per day, messages per day)
The rows
Read from the same data file as the chart when this is opened.
Staff, users and compute spend, by company
Source: Epoch AI, AI Companies. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Source and method
Source: Epoch AI, AI Companies. Adapted by Token Runner: filtered and added up for this chart. The table, its licence and its date
Whose figures: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Companies; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs.
Unit: the row's own unit, named in the unit column (USD, staff, users, tokens per day, messages per day)
The rows
Read from the same data file as the chart when this is opened.
The data behind it: the 5 tables this dashboard reads, their sources and their dates
AI chip sales by chip type
Epoch AI's estimates of AI chips sold, by chip type and quarter: 171 rows, 28 chip types from 6 designers, 19 quarters from 2022 Q1 to 2026 Q3. Units and H100-equivalents each carry a 5th-95th percentile band; 8 rows are marked incomplete by Epoch.
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Sales. Licence and standing: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Chip Sales; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs. The licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
One row is one row per chip type and quarter; 171 rows; unit: chips (units) and H100-equivalents sold in the quarter (Epoch's estimates). Built from: epoch/ai-chip-sales-timelines-by-chip, collected 19 October 2026. Token Runner adapted this material: it was filtered, joined and added up; the source does not endorse Token Runner or this use.
AI chip owners, cumulative
Epoch AI's estimates of the AI chips each owner holds, cumulative through each quarter end: 215 rows, 10 owners, 6 chip designers, 17 quarter ends from 2022 Q1 to 2026 Q1. 14 rows have no 5th-95th percentile band and 8 are marked incomplete by Epoch. The users file holds 11 rows and is not drawn here.
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Owners. Licence and standing: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Chip Owners; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs. The licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
One row is one row per owner, chip designer and quarter end (a cumulative stock through that date); 215 rows; unit: H100-equivalents, cumulative stock (median estimate). Built from: epoch/ai-chip-owners-cumulative-by-designer, collected 19 October 2026; epoch/ai-chip-users-year-end-by-lab, collected 19 October 2026. Token Runner adapted this material: it was filtered, joined and added up; the source does not endorse Token Runner or this use.
AI chip components by designer
Epoch AI's estimates of the components in each designer's AI chips, by quarter: 43 rows, 5 designers (AMD 9, Amazon 9, Google 9, NVIDIA 8, Other 8), 9 quarters from 2024 Q1 to 2026 Q1. Logic wafers, CoWoS wafers, HBM and auxiliary cost, each as median with a 5th-95th percentile band. The share columns are blank on 3 rows.
Source: Epoch AI, AI Chip Components. Licence and standing: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Chip Components; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs. The licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
One row is one row per chip designer and quarter; 43 rows; unit: wafers, USD and per cent, as the file gives them (median estimates). Built from: epoch/ai-chip-components-quarterly-by-designer, collected 19 October 2026. Token Runner adapted this material: it was filtered, joined and added up; the source does not endorse Token Runner or this use.
ML hardware releases
Epoch AI's list of machine-learning hardware: 178 items from 20 manufacturers, release years 2008 to 2026. 163 have a release date, 60 a release price, 153 a power figure, 142 a memory size and 161 a memory bandwidth.
Source: Epoch AI, ML Hardware. Licence and standing: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), ML Hardware; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs. The licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
One row is one row per hardware item; 178 rows; unit: hardware items (a count); price in USD, power in W, memory in bytes. Built from: epoch/ml-hardware, collected 19 October 2026. Token Runner adapted this material: it was filtered, joined and added up; the source does not endorse Token Runner or this use.
Frontier AI companies: revenue, staff, usage, compute spend
The figures Epoch AI collected from company disclosures and media reports, one row per reported figure: 253 figures for 11 companies, 2013-12-31 to 2026-09-30. Annualized revenue 60, Revenue amount (normalize to annual) 66, Period revenue 10, Staff count 48, Active users 34, Daily tokens 12, Daily messages 9, Compute spend 14. 4 source rows give no figure and are not in the table. 11 company, metric and date groups hold more than one report; the charts take the largest, never a sum. 8 figures are flagged by Epoch as excluded from its own graph view and are kept here with the flag.
Source: Epoch AI, AI Companies. Licence and standing: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), AI Companies; estimates are Epoch's, named as theirs. The licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
One row is one row per reported figure (company, date, metric, report); 253 rows; unit: the row's own unit, named in the unit column (USD, staff, users, tokens per day, messages per day). Built from: epoch/ai-companies-revenue-reports, collected 19 October 2026; epoch/ai-companies-staff-reports, collected 19 October 2026; epoch/ai-companies-usage-reports, collected 19 October 2026; epoch/ai-companies-compute-spend, collected 19 October 2026. Token Runner adapted this material: it was filtered, joined and added up; the source does not endorse Token Runner or this use.
Interlinked pieces that use these tables
